Direct Indirect Speech


      A.      Direct Speech
Adalah kalimat langsung/kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Penulisan direct speech selalu diapit oleh tanda kutip dan kalimat selalu diawali huruf kapital.

      B.      Indirect Speech
Adalah kalimat tidak langsung/bentuk kalimat yang menceritakan kembali pendapat/pembicaraan seseorang yang mengalami modifikasi tertentu. Terdapat tiga jenis indirect speech.
1.       Kalimat berita/pernyataan (declarative/statement)
       a.       Direct    : He says, ‘I go to school everyday’
                      Indirect    : He says that he goes to school everyday.
             b.      Direct    : Doni said, “I am doing my job here now.”
                   Indirect  : doni said that he was doing his job there then.
             Catatan :
-          Kedua bentuk mempunyai arti yang sama.
-          Kalau induk kalimatnya present, anak kalimatnya tidak ada perubahan tenses, yang berubah hanya kata ganti (pronoun) dan kata keterangan (adverbial). (lihat contoh a)
-          Kalau induk kalimatnya past, anak kalimatnya ada perubahan tenses, pronoun, dan adverbial. (lihat contoh b).


2.    Kalimat perintah (imperative/command/request)
       a.       Positive imperative
                   Direct    : Doni said, “Close the door !”
                   Indirect  : Doni asked me to close the door.
             b.      Negative imperative
                   Direct    : Doni said, “Don’t close the door!”
                   Indirect  : Doni asked me not close the door."


      3.       Kalimat tanya (interogative/question)
       a.       Tanpa kata tanya
                   Direct    : Doni asked, ‘Do you know Stephen Covet?’
                   Indirect  : Doni asked me if (whether) I knew Stephen Covey.
                   Catatan : Kalimat tanya tanpa kata dapat dijawab : Yes, I do
                      atau No, I don’t.

            b.      Dengan kata tanya
                  Direct    : Doni asked,’Who is Stephen Covey?’
                  Indirect  : Doni asked who Stephen Covey is.
                  Catatan : Semua kata tanyadapat dipergunakan (who, whom,
                     whose, what, which, why, where, when, how).

      C.      Perubahan Tenses





     D.      Exercise
1.       Mother        : ‘Don’t be noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.’
Herman        : ‘Okay, mom.’
Mother        : ‘What did your mother just tell you?’
Herman        : ‘She told me ___  because the baby was sleeping.’
a.       I wasn’t so noisy
b.      Not to be so noisy
c.       Don’t be noisy
d.      To be not so noisy
2.       He asked me whether he ___ my car to go to the party.
a.       Might borrow
b.      May borrow
c.       Would borrow
d.      Can borrow
3.       Doctor          : ‘Open your mouth!’
Mother        : ‘What did the doctor tell you?’
Son                                : ‘The doctor told me ___ ‘
a.       Whether I open my mouth
b.      To open my mouth
c.       Opened my mouth
d.      If I opened my mouth
4.       Ari : ‘Do you want fried rice or fried chicken?’
Ari asked me ___
a.       That I wanted fried rice or fried chicken
b.      If I want fried rice or fried chicken
c.       Whether I wanted fried rice or fried chicken
d.      I want fried rice or fried chicken
5.       As the road had become very slippery after the rain, I told the bus driver ___
a.       Not speeding
b.      Not to speed
c.       Do not speed
d.      He does not speed


       Source
Tim Kendi Mas Media. 2010. “Buku Sakti: Ringkasan Materi + Rumus Lengkap SMA 1, 2, 3”. Yogyakarta : Kendi Mas Media.

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